 The Federal System is less complicated then other Court Systems. According to Article III of the Constitution, "The judicial Power of the United States shall be vested in one supreme Court and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish." According to this directive, the federal judiciary is divided into three main levels.
The federal district courts are the base which has original influence in most cases of federal law. The federal district court system has no less than one bench in each of the 50 states. Each district has from 1 to more than 20 judges, district court judges are assigned by the President and serve for life. Cases which solve the federal district courts include federal laws, coastal disputes, cases directly involving a state or the federal government, and cases in which foreign governments, citizens of foreign countries, or citizens of two or more different states are involved. The United States courts of appeals are above the district courts, each better to one or more district courts. The court of appeals system is composed of 11 judicial circuits throughout the 50 states. There are from 6 to 27 judges in each area. In addition to hearing appeals from their respective district courts, the courts of appeals have original jurisdiction in cases involving a challenge to an order of a federal regulatory agency, such as the Securities and Exchange Commission. The highest court in the federal system is the Supreme Court of the United States, this court mandated by the Constitution. The Supreme Court situated in Washington, D.C., and has final jurisdiction on all cases that it hears. The high court may hear appeals from state appellate courts if a constitutional or other federal result is involved. The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in a limited number of cases, including those that involve high-ranking diplomats of other nations or those between two U.S. states. The federal judges carry on a group of courts that handle certain limited types of disputes. Among such special federal courts are the Court of Federal Claims, which arbitrates currency claims against the U.S. government, and the Tax Court. Special court judges, unlike those in the three main levels of the federal judiciary, do not serve for life. The U.S. armed forces have courts-martial for cases involving military personnel.
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